Njoroge, Dr. James Mwanqi (1991) A study of two Peri-Urban Communities in Kayole Nairobi. Empowering their Prevailing Household Environmental Conditions and the Nutrition Status of their sSchool Aged Children. Masters thesis, University of Nairobi.
![[img]](http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png) |
PDF (A study of two Peri-Urban Communities in Kayole Nairobi. Empowering their Prevailing Household Environmental Conditions and the Nutrition Status of their sSchool Aged Children)
JAMES_M._NJOROGE_M.P.H._1991.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (5MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
The idea of this Study was formulated out of concern for the plight of slum dwellers who seem to be normally catered for by most providers in the city of Nairobi. Further literature search on the subject it was discovered that this is a wide spread situation in the third world countries and is actually a growing - problem. This is because use the most rapid growth of cities in history is taking place today, it. Is taking place in the third world and is in the form of slums rather than organized city growth. There is a global movement being sponsored by the Habitat organization of the United Nations to convert attitudes of policy-makers from abolishing slums to upgrading them. This makes sense from t tie point of view of the Primary Health Care* approach adopted by the World Health Organization. In order to contribute to this debate facts from studies done on local slums are needed. An important question is how the poor environemnta1 conditions of slum habitats influence health status, if at all. This study aimed at investigating some aspects of this question for Kayole slum in Peri-Urban Nairobi. This study was designed and formulated after the fashion of the C.B.S. studies of cross-sectional. It was carried out in June and July, 1990 by the Principal Investigator and their assistance. By pairing up two teams were formed, each team ^as assisted by a local opinion leader (social worker, group secretary, School teacher or well-known clothes vendor) who acted as guides.252 households were sampled from the slum area of Kayole by selecting those with a pre-school aped child (6 months to 60 months old) which was the major criterion. After asking demographic and household information from the household head or the in-charge, the child was weighed (accurate 0.1 kg.) on a spring balance scale, using a pair of pant to hang the child by. The height was taken by marking off the height on a suitable door Jamba or on a coffee table. The height was then read off to the nearest 0.5 cm. 13 households were covered by each team per day on average, in ten days the sample size was achieved. The procedure was carried out in the adjacent site and service scheme of Kayole where 255 households were sampled. This procedure was over in ten days also. The minimum sample size for each group was n = 240, which was achieved. The prevalence rate was taken as p = 35V. The finding of the CBS & Maina Studies. During that time, water was sampled once and sent for analysis. In August stool was collected from some of the children of the neighborhood and assessed for stool ova and cysts. The data was first of all treated in order to determine each child's standard deviation score from the reference median in order to give his/her nutrition status in terms of weight for age, height for age and weight for height. The latter was dropped from the analysis. Wasting was taken as any 3.D. score falling below median minus 1 S.D stunting was taken as any S.D. score falling below median minus 1 According to this classification, the percentage of wasted children in the study group was twice as high as in the control group. 15.4% as opposed to 8.4%. This was less than expected in both cases. rhe ideal normal population would be expected to have J 6.57. Wasted The percentage of stunted children in the study group was 40% Compared to 23.2V for the control group. The normal population would be expected to have 16.5% Thus stunting was in the expected range as compared to previous studies in Kenya, by the Central Bureau of Statistics and others.No explanation for this "over-weight" of the peri-urban children was found. Nevertheless the independent variables in the study were cross-tabulated with these two nutritional indices, H/A and H/A. The Environmenta1_ Variables (a) Those having significant correlation in the Study group and confirmed in the Control Group. i. Solid Waste Disposal vs. stunting only, p = 0.027, Chi Squared = 17.3. (8) ii. Per capita water consumption vs. wasting positively Chi squared = 13.8; p = 0.0078. (4) (b) Those having significant correlation in Study Group but not confirmed by Contrg1 Group. i) Wa11 class vs. wasting (negatively) Chi squared = 27.7 P 0.0011 The_Environmenta1 ii) Excreta disposal mode for under 2 years old vs. waiting. Chi squared = 40.4, p = 0.0001. iii) Hand washing after defecation vs wasting, p = 0.0001, Clu squared = 32.96. (9) iv) ( iv) Drinking water quality vs. stunting — p = 0.0043, Chi squared = 28.7, Rain water = 207., piped = 30.77. Borehole = 4 77. Surface = 307. v) Indoor air class vs. wasting Chi. squared — 13, p =0.042. (d) Those environmental variable correlating significantly wit hcontro1 group household excreta disposal vs. Stunting (_& qsitive1y) Chi. squared = 14.9, p = 0.021 (e) those having no correlation Upn i) Drainage facility ii) Crowding Index) iii) Roof standards) p = > 0.0b iv) Floor standards) ( f ) Mon. Environmental variables having significant correlation with control group. i) Maternal Education vs. wasting p = 0.028 Chi. Squared = 17.2 (18) ii) Sex of child male > female (wasting Chi. squared = b. 76, p = 0.034, stunting) p = 0.037, Chi squared = 6.57 (2). iii) Duration of stay vs. wasting p = 0.024. Chi. squared * 95.3 (70) ( q ) Non environmental variables having significant correlation with study group. None except U.R.T.I. which had a p value of 0.057 when correlated with wasting. It was concluded that in a slum area like Kayole the single most important contributor to malnutrition most strongly indicated by Ibis study was poor solid waste disposal methods. For the non-slum area in Kayole the most important contribution was a 1 so solid waste disposal followed by households except disposal method. In the case of the slum area it indicates that room for civic contribution by means of solid waste disposal facility to nutritional we 1 1-being exists. In the case of the non-slum area it indicates that where this is marginally provided, other contributors to poor nutritional status like household excreta disposal mode may not be solved merely by provision of sewage facility. Health education so that proper excreta control is achieved is needed. The same applies to provision of water standpipes and the proper use of the water health education is needed to achieve nutritional improvement as well.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Geoffrey Obatsa |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Sep 2016 11:02 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Sep 2016 11:19 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/1030 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |