Wanyonyi, Sawenja Fred (2013) Isolation and Characterisation of Anti-Plasmodial Compounds from Selected Medicinal Plants from South Nyanza Region. Masters thesis, Kenyatta University.
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Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites, still has an overwhelming impact on public health in developing nations. Due to its prevalence, virulence and drug resistance, it remains one of the most serious and widespread parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The fight against malaria has been hampered by inadequate drug supply, high costs of drugs and lack of an effective vaccine. Consequently there is need for continued research on the discovery and development of new more efficacious anti-malarial drugs. In this work, bio-evaluation of three Kenyan medicinal plants used in treatment of malaria in western Kenya: Clerodendrum myricoides (Oliv.), Clerodendrum rotundifolia (Hochst.), and Hypoestes forskolei (Vahl.), was undertaken. The root extracts were sequentially extracted starting with hexane, DCM, EtOAc and MeOH. Isolation of compounds was done by column, preparative and thin layer chromatography. Identification of compounds was done by IH NMR, COSY, l3C NMR, DEPT, HMBC, IR, mass spectroscopy and comparison with published data. Preliminary activity and cytotoxicity studies were done on vero cells 199. Extracts were screened against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive strain (D6) and the following results noted: C. myricoides (hexane 8.72±1.81, DCM 10l±1.56, EtOAc <3.91 and MeOH 19.73 ug/ml.), C. rotundifolia (hexane 4.65±O.64, DCM 9.61±O.11, EtOAc 5.81±0.47 and MeOH 8.06±0.35 ug/ml.) and H. forskolei (hexane 14.12±3.75, DCM 4.00±1.25, EtOAc 20.10±14.03 and MeOH 4.92±0.44 ug/ml.). Hypoetes forskolei DCM extract yielded 3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-3- vinyl dodeca hydrobenzo [f] chromene(93) and 3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-3-vinyl dodeca hydrobenzo [f] chromen-Svol (94) and kaur-16-ene-19-oic acid (95); Clerodendrum myricoides EtOAc fraction afforded stigmasterol (89), lupeol (90), and p-hydroxy benzyl octaeicosanoate (91) while Clerodendrum rotundifolia DCMlEtOAc fractions realized oleanolic acid (92). p-hydroxy benzyl octaeicosanoate (91) is being reported for the first time from Clerodendrum myricoides, while, 3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-3-vinyl dodeca hydrobenzo[f]chromene(93) and 3,4a,7,7,lOa-pentamethyl-3-vinyl dodeca hydrobenzo [f]chromen-8-01 (94) and kaur-16-ene-19-oic acid (95) are also reported for the first time from Hypoetes forskolei. The isolated compounds exhibited mild to moderate antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain (D6). The results obtained form a good basis for further investigation of the isolated compounds for possible synergism and structure activity studies to improve their antiplasmodial activity. The isolated compounds can be good leads for development into anti-malarial compounds. There is need therefore to preserve the plants as well as the extracted compounds for further structure-activity studies.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica R Medicine > RZ Other systems of medicine |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Geoffrey Obatsa |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Apr 2017 12:44 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Apr 2017 12:44 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/1460 |
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