Nkamba, Hope C. (2011) Antimycobacterial Immune Responses in HIV-Infected Children Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Lusaka, Zambia. Masters thesis, University of Zambia.
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Abstract
An estimated 250,000 children died of AIDS in 2005 (WHO, 2006) and 370,000 children under the age of 15 became infected with HIV in 2007 (UNAIDS, 2008). Globally over 2.0 million children were estimated to be living with HIV in 2007 (UNAIDS, 2008). Almost 90% of these children live in sub-Sahara Africa (UNAIDS, 2008). Over 250,000 children develop TB and 100,000 children die each year from TB (WHO, 2006). Tuberculosis is among the top 10 causes of death in children worldwide. The burden of TB is higher in the developing countries compared to the developed countries. (Swaminathan S, Rekha B, 2010). Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually attacks the lungs (as pulmonary tuberculosis) but can also affect other organs (Chintu C, Mwaba P, 2005). In HIV-infected children, the risk of developing TB is high (WHO, 2006). With the scaling up of ART in sub-Saharan Africa, and Zambia in particular, more HIV-infected children will have access to treatment (Avert, 2008). Effective therapy should result in improved immune responses to opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (Edmonds et al, 2009). The immune response to TB is complex and the outcome is greatly influenced by the mycobacterium itself. Hence it has been difficult to determine the requirements for a protective immune response to TB, but this knowledge is essential for development of improved vaccine strategies especially for HIV-infected children (Sutherland et al, 2010). Globally the number of children receiving ART increased from about 75,000 in 2005 to almost 200,000 in 2007 (WHO, 2008). In Zambia, 11,602 children were receiving ART by 2007 (UNAIDS, 2008).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | JHI Africa |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Nov 2017 08:16 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2017 08:16 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/2825 |
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