Evaluating the Potential Impact of Condoms and Vaginal Microbicides to Reduce the Spread of HIV

Jiwo, Shadreck (2009) Evaluating the Potential Impact of Condoms and Vaginal Microbicides to Reduce the Spread of HIV. Masters thesis, University of Zimbabwe.

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Abstract

Since its emergence in the 1980s, the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has claimed the lives of millions of people (20 million), and continues to exert significance socio-economic and public health burden, around the globe [1]. The current UN AIDS report estimates about 38.6 - 46 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2005, and 4.1 million new infections were recorded in that year. More than one-half of the 38.6 - 46 million people living with HIV/AIDS are women, with more than 90% of all adolescent and adult HIV infections resulting from heterosexual intercourse [2]. In Southern Africa the epidemic is exploding and non-levelling due to several factors; deteriorating health systems, poverty, traditional beliefs, increased substance abuse, sexual violence, high population mobility, stigma and discrimination and low risk-reduction education. Although the HIV/AIDS threat is great, there has been a lot of research on how to help people protect themselves from contracting the virus (primary prevention, for example condom use, vaginal microbicides, abstinence, etc) and how to prevent and minimize the health and psychological consequences of those living with the infection (secondary prevention). When the HIV pandemic first became visible in the early 1980s, global concern about the gravity of the virus began to fuel research on how to prevent transmission. Both HIV and efforts to respond to the disease surfaced early in Uganda. The prevention effort in Uganda, which has since spread to other countries in Sub-Sahara Africa and beyond, was to be faithful, abstinence and use of condoms. While the idea of abstaining from sex had some success among young, unmarried people, the refusal of many married men to remain faithful to their often-monogamous wives made the use of condoms the only option feasible.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Divisions:	Africana
Depositing User:	Tim Khabala
Date Deposited:	04 May 2018 07:32
Last Modified:	04 May 2018 07:32
URI:	http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/3962

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