Wondimagegn, Agegnehu Alemu (2008) Development of Household Defluoridation Unit Based on Aluminium Oxide Hydroxide. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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PDF (Development of Household Defluoridation Unit Based on Aluminium Oxide Hydroxide)
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Abstract
Fluoride primarily produces effects on skeletal tissues (bones and teeth) and has a narrow range between intakes that cause beneficial and detrimental health effects. Elevated levels of fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) in the drinking water occur in a number of parts of the world and often have significant adverse impacts on public health. In the Rift Valley Regions of Ethiopia elevated levels occur in groundwater supplies, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in the affected population. Two household defluoridation units were developed based on AlOOH adsorbent. The units were operated at an Up flow mode. The performance of the household defluoridation units was monitored at a regular interval of 1 hour to evaluate their fluoride removal. HDU 1 was packed with 0.9 kg of AlOOH granules to a bed depth of 28.5 cm. The specific safe water yield (SSY) of the unit was 823.79 liters. The breakthrough time (t) of the bed was 1.23 months. HDU 2 was packed with 0.588 kg of identical adsorbent to a bed depth of 25 cm. The SSY and t of the unit was 576.1 liters and 1.2 months, respectively. The influent fluoride concentration in both units was 20 mg/L. HDU 1 and HDU 2 could give service for a family of 5-7 and 4 respectively, in endemic fluorotic regions exclusively for cooking and drinking purposes. Regeneration of the exhausted AlOOH of HDU 1 was carried out by 1 % NaOH, distilled water and 0.1 M HCl. Regeneration of the exhausted AlOOH using this method is promising but further research should be done to improve its capacity of regeneration and property of the media. The running cost of HDU 1 and HDU 2 was 281.86 and 269.97 Birr/m3, respectively at an influent fluoride concentration of 20 mg/L. The running cost of the units was also calculated by using the locally produced caustic soda. The price of defluoridation decreased at a greater extent and the developed units anticipated to provide service for 3-6 months in low fluoride concentrations of the Rift Valley Regions of Ethiopia. In general the developed technology/household units are simple to operate, high defluoridation capacity and affordable running cost that may be an alternative method to solve the problem of excessive fluoride intake in endemic fluorosis regions of Ethiopia
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Selom Ghislain |
| Date Deposited: | 24 May 2018 12:14 |
| Last Modified: | 24 May 2018 12:14 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/4088 |
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