Woldeselassie, Girma Gezahegne (2008) Evaluating the Efficiency of Improved Local Liquor (Areke) Distilling Stove by Measuring the Indoor Air Emission. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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Abstract
One-third of the worldís population uses traditional biomass for cooking, lighting and space heating. The use of these forms of energy is associated with environmental as well as human health impacts. Approximately 2500 million people are exposed daily to emissions from biomass-burning cooking sites. Respiratory disease, one of the major causes of death in developing countries, is linked to these emissions. Like in other developing countries the energy sector of Ethiopia is dominated by biomass fuels. This condition does not seem to change appreciably in the foreseeable future and the problems aggravated by the growing demand of energy of the economic sector. Areke distillation is one of the economic activities that has become a major source of income for many households in various parts of Ethiopia. As Areke distillation entirely depends on fuelwood for its preparation and processing, its large scale production for commercial purpose places huge pressure on the forest resources of the country. In an effort to address the problems supply side as well as demand side interventions have been made. Recently, recognizing the impacts of Areke distillation on the forest resource and human health, the GTZ-SUN project has introduced an improved stove technology for Areke distillation. This study aims at assessing the potential benefits of these stoves with respect to improving the indoor air quality and reducing specific fuel consumption as well as time taken for distillation. The study was conducted in Arsi Negelle town, Oromiya regional state, where Areke distillation is the major source of livelihood for a large number of households. The indoor concentrations of two major pollutants, CO and PM were monitored using HOBO CO loggers and UCB PM monitors, respectively. The tests were conducted in a real kitchen as the stoves perform the actual Areke distillation but under controlled setting in which every effort possible is made to minimize sources of variability to ensure the stoves are used to their best effect. T-tests and regression models were employed to analyze the data. The room concentrations of CO and PM resulting from the use of traditional stoves and improved stoves were compared in terms of the average concentrations during the whole distillation time and the 8-hours time and the 15-minutes highest concentrations were also considered. The improved stoves have shown statistically significant reduction in CO concentrations of 52.6% and 53.2% (n = 9) during the whole distillation time and the 8-hours time, respectively and the corresponding reduction in PM concentrations were 57% and 63.3%. The improved stoves have shown reduction in the 15- minutes highest concentrations of CO and PM of 58.8% and 56.9% (n = 9), respectively. The analysis of the data obtained in this study indicated that the correlation between CO and PM were positive but weak with Pearson correlation of 0.32 (p=0.39; n=9) and 0.35 (p=0.35; n=9) in the traditional stoves and improved stoves conditions, respectively. Controlled Cooking Test procedures were also used to assess the potential of the improved stoves to reduce specific fuel consumption and the time taken for distillation. The improved stoves have shown percentage reduction in specific fuel consumption of 4.4% and 22% reduction of time taken for distillation. The reduction in the specific fuel consumption was not statistically significant.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Areke, CO, Distilland, Efficiency, PM |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Selom Ghislain |
| Date Deposited: | 25 May 2018 13:22 |
| Last Modified: | 25 May 2018 13:22 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/4107 |
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