Yigeremu, Beteseb (2005) Detection of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing and Multidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli from Patients at Tikur Anbassa Hospital, Addis Ababa. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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Abstract
Escherichia coli, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae is commonly found as commensal of the human intestinal flora. The commensal E. coli can be pathogenic and cause different infections when it acquires different virulence factors and/or when the immune status of an individual is compromised. E. coli has developed a way of expanding its infection by developing resistance to different drugs that are used to treat patients. Other than resistance to commonly used drugs, resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, due to β-lactamase production has been seen with different prevalence rates in different parts of the world. However, reports of drug resistance against β-lactam antibiotics are not available as are for other commonly used antibiotics in Ethiopia. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of ESBLs producing E. coli from clinical specimens. Clinical specimens were collected from inpatient and outpatients of Tikur Anbassa hospital. E. coli strains were isolated and characterized by cultural and biochemical methods following standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates was done using the standard disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar and antibiotics discs of the commonly used drugs. In this particular study, phenotypic detection method for ESBL production developed by NCCLS was employed. The major steps followed were screening and confirmatory and use of third generation cephalosporins antimicrobial discs with and without clavulanic acid. Out of 384 samples collected, 115(30%) E. coli were isolated from different clinical specimens like urine, blood, stool, pus, and CSF. Among the mentioned specimen types, relatively large number of E. coli was isolated from urine and stool. The antimicrobial susceptibility test result showed that 99%, 75%, 50% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, respectively. Out of the 11 antimicrobials used, floroquinolones were shown to be effective against E. coli isolates. The phenotypic confirmatory test revealed that 23% of E. coli isolates were producing ESBLS. Increased resistance to commonly used drugs was observed among isolates that produce ESBLS when compared to that of non-ESBLS producers. The relatively significant resistance rate associated with ESBLs in this particular study is a challenge and needs to be further investigated. Therefore, efforts directed at controlling the use of drugs to treat infections should get considerable attention to increase the efficacy of the antibiotics and guarantee the positive out come of the patients that get treated.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | E. coli, ESBLs, NCCLS, β-lactams, β-lactamase |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Vincent Mpoza |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Jul 2018 12:59 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Jul 2018 12:59 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/6626 |
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