Moges, Birhan (2014) Species Distribution and in Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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Abstract
Background: Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity in HIV infected patients. OPC is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. However, data on Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeast isolated from HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia is limited. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of Oropharyngeal yeast isolates from HIV patients and to evaluate antifungal drug susceptibility profile of yeast isolates to commonly used antifungal drugs. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa. Oral swabs were collected from 224 HIV patients and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol. All the isolates were characterized to a species level following standard microbiological techniques. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of all yeast were determined using disk diffusion method. Result: Of 224 HIV patients screened, 139 (62.1%) were colonized by yeasts. The rate of colonization is higher in patients that non HAART than HAART initiated (72.3% versus 51.8%). A total of 155 yeasts were isolated of which 153 (98.7%) were accounted by Candida consisting of five species and 2(1.3%) non-candida yeasts. Out of all isolates C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species accounting 68.4% followed by C. glabrata (15.5%) and C. tropicalis (11%). The Antifungal susceptibility pattern of the yeast isolates for Fluconazole, ketoconazole, Amphotericin B, Clotrimazole, Nystatin and Miconazole showed a resistance of 12.3%, 8.4%, 5.8%, 2.6%, 1.3%, and 0.6% respectively. C. albicans were 5.7% resistant to ketoconazole and 6.6% resistant to Fluconazole. C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were 12.5% and 17.6% resistant to ketoconazole and 16.6% and 35.3% resistant to fluconazole respectively. Conclusion: The spectrum of yeast isolated in the present study was relatively high even if C. albicans was the predominantly isolated yeast. The results of this study also revealed that development of drug resistance by yeast isolates were considerable. Isolation, characterization and evaluating drug susceptibility pattern of the isolates in this hospital in particular and in health institutions through out of the country in general is recommended.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Vincent Mpoza |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Jul 2018 08:19 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Jul 2018 08:19 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/6668 |
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