Massebo, Fekadu (2006) Evaluation of the Mosquitocidal Activities of Essential Oils of some Local Aromatic Plants under Laboratory and Simulated Field Conditions. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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Abstract
The essential oils of 11 plants were evaluated for larvicidal activities against laboratory reared Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti by exposing third-fourth instar larvae in white enamel cups of 350 ml size. Five plants essential oil were assayed against anopheline mosquito larvae in the simulated field conditions. Tests were also conducted on essential oils of 11 plants against laboratory reared adult An. arabiensis by bottle bioassay. The residual activities of essential oils of 7 plants were tested against adult An. arabiensis in the laboratory. Of the essential oils of 11 plants tested, Chenopodium ambrosioides (LC 50 = 17.5 ppm; LC 90 = 33.2 ppm), Ocimum lamiifolium (LC 50 = 20.9 ppm; LC 90 = 39.9 ppm) and Schinus molle (leaves) (LC 50 = 21.0 ppm; LC 90 = 37.3 ppm) essential oils showed highest activity against An. arabiensis larvae in the laboratory. However, Mentha spicata (LC 50 = 85.9 ppm; LC 90 = 128.4 ppm) showed the lowest efficacy. Similarly, O. lamiifolium (LC 50 = 8.6 ppm; LC 90 = 13.4 ppm), C. ambrosioides (LC 50 = 9.1 ppm; LC 90 = 14.3 ppm), Piper nigrum (LC 50 = 9.1 ppm; LC 90 = 13.5 ppm) and S. molle (leaves) (LC 50 = 9.6 ppm; LC 90 = 15.0 ppm) essential oils had the highest larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti larvae in the laboratory. Whereas, M. spicata (LC 50 = 67.8 ppm; LC 90 = 96.4 ppm) had the lowest larvicidal activity. In mortality-time bioassays, Lippia adoensis provided the highest activity against An. arabiensis and Ae. aegypti larvae, whereas essential oils of O. suave (fresh) and O. suave (dry) showed the lowest larvicidal activity. Ae. aegypti larvae died at shorter time than An. arabiensis larvae.In simulated field condition, O. lamiifolium (LC 50 = 34 ppm; LC 90 = 63.7 ppm) showed the highest activity against field collected larvae of anopheline mosquito followed by C. ambrosioides (LC 50 = 47.3 ppm; LC 90 = 97.9 ppm) essential oil. The essential oil of P. nigrum (LC 50 = 110ppm; LC 90 = 162 ppm) showed the lowest efficacy against anopheline mosquito larvae in the field conditions. Of the 11 plants essential oils tested, O. suave (fresh) (LC 50 = of 0.0014 ml% v/v) and (LC 90 = 0.0027 ml% v/v) had the highest adulticidal activity against An. arabiensis in the laboratory followed by Thymus vulgaris with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 0.0028 and 0.005 ml% (v/v), respectively. The lowest adulticidal activity was obtained from essential oils of S. molle (leaves), Eucalyptus globulus and P. nigrum. O. suave (fresh) at lower concentrations (0.05 ml% v/v) caused 100% mortality instantaneously with in 5 minutes. However, P. nigrum caused 100% mortality with in 5 minutes at higher concentration (2.5 ml% v/v). In residual activity test, O. suave (fresh) essential oil showed the highest potency against An. arabiensis (persists for 15 days). However, the lowest residual activity against An. arabiensis adult was obtained from the essential oil of E. citriodora (persist only for 2 days).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology Q Science > QK Botany |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Selom Ghislain |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Oct 2018 12:58 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Oct 2018 12:58 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/6809 |
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