Antibody Level against HBV after Hepatitis B Vaccination and Sero-Prevalence of HBV in Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Teshome, Seifegebriel (2017) Antibody Level against HBV after Hepatitis B Vaccination and Sero-Prevalence of HBV in Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.

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Abstract

Background: Around two billion people have been infected with HBV worldwide, and more than 240 million are chronic carriers. Vaccine introduction for HBV in children was officially launched by WHO in 1980. Since then the vaccine response level was determined in different countries. However, there is no any study conducted in Ethiopia to assess the response level and effectiveness of HBV vaccine against the virus since the initiation of the vaccine in 2007. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine antibody level against HBV after hepatitis B vaccination and sero-prevalence of HBV in children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted and a multi stage probability sampling techniques was applied. Four hundred and fifty children between the age of 5 and 8 years who are living in three sub cities of Addis Ababa were included. Three to four ml of blood was collected and questionnaire was obtained. Finally ELISA was done to determine antibody level against HBV after hepatitis B vaccination and sero-prevalence of HBV infection in children. Result: The mean age of the children was 7+1(SD) years. Protective antibody levels were detected in 208(54.3%) of children with a slightly high response level in females 98(54.7%) than males 110(53.9%). The overall vaccine coverage was 85.1 %. The protective level is declined as the age of the child increased and it was 52.6%, 60%, 43.5% and 37.1% at the age of 5, 6, 7 and 8 years, respectively. The sero prevalence of HBsAg was 0.4% whereas Anti HBc was 5.6%. Age has negatively correlated and significantly associated with the response level (p=0.001) whereas sex and previous disease status of the child has no significant association. Age of the child was also having significant association with sero- prevalence of anti HBc (p=0.003). Other factors like vaccination status and dose of vaccination were also significantly associated with a vaccine response level (p=<0.001). All partially vaccinated children didn’t respond to the vaccine. Conclusion: The vaccine coverage in the country is worthy but antibody response against HBV vaccine is low. We also showed a low Sero- prevalence of the virus in children. However, the low response level to the vaccine should have to be the concern and revaccination or booster doses should be given for non responded children in order to enhance the vaccine response.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: HBV, antibody response level, vaccination status, HBsAg, Anti HBsAg, Anti HBc
Subjects: Q Science > QR Microbiology
Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Divisions: Africana
Depositing User: Emmanuel Ndorimana
Date Deposited: 20 Jul 2018 13:31
Last Modified: 20 Jul 2018 13:31
URI: http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/7945

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