Fekadu, Sintayehu (2011) Assessment of Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Wastewater, South Ethiopia. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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Abstract
Background: Large quantities of antibiotics and disinfectants are used in hospitals for patient care and disinfection process, respectively. These products are partially metabolized and residual quantities reach hospital wastewater, exposing bacteria to wide range of biocides that could act as selective pressure for development of resistance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess disinfectant and antibiotic resistant bacteria in Yirg Alem and Hawassa hospitals effluents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2010-February 2011 in hospital wastewater. A total of 24 composite samples were collected on weekly basis for bacteriological analysis and susceptibility testing. Indicator organisms, pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria were determined and isolated on selective bacteriologic media. Disinfectant activity was evaluated in use-dilution for tincture iodine, sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol and MIC was determined by agar dilution method. Similarly antibiotic susceptibility test were performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All methods were used according to standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. Results: Pathogenic (Salmonella, Shigella and S. aureus) and potentially pathogenic (E. coli) bacteria were detected from effluents of both hospitals. Activity of disinfectant in use-dilution demonstrated tincture-iodine as the most effective agent, followed by sodium hypochlorite and the least active was 70% ethanol. MIC for ethanol against S. aureus and gram negative rods from Yirg Alem hospital (YAH) showed 4 and 3.5 log reduction, respectively. Similarly 3.8 and 3.2 log reduction were observed for S. aureus and gram negative rods from Hawassa University Referral Hospital (HURH), respectively. Salmonella isolates from YAH effluent were resistance to Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline and Doxycycline, whereas from HURH effluent were resistant to the above three antibiotics and Gentamycin too. S. aureus from YAH effluent was resistant to Penicillin, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, whereas from HURH was resistant to the above three antibiotics and Gentamycin too. Conclusion: Hospital effluents tested contain antibiotic resistant bacteria which are released to receiving water bodies resulting in huge public health threat.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | antibiotics, biocides, disinfectants, heterotrophic count, hospital effluent, hospital influent, indicator, minimum inhibitory concentration, most probable number |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Emmanuel Ndorimana |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2018 08:27 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Aug 2018 08:27 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/8028 |
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