Yibeltal, Desalegn (2015) Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Immunological Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in HIV infected Children, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.
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Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes worldwide problem and the complication varies from acute liver failure to hepatocellular carcinoma. A vaccine is available to prevent HBV infection, however reduced vaccine response were reported among HIV infected individuals. The information on effect of ART on childhood response to HBV vaccine is fragmented and there is no different vaccination schedules for HIV positive children. Objective: To assess the impact of HIV-1 infection and effect of antiretroviral drug therapy on the immune response to Hepatitis B vaccine and phenotypic property of B cells in children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: Longitudinal Cohort study was conducted from January, 2015 to June, 2015. Children, 5-9 years of age, from the Pediatric department of ALERT and Zewuditu Memorial Hospital, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were screened for HBV infection and standard hepatitis B vaccine was given to those children with no HBV infection at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. The vaccine response was evaluated by measuring Hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) by ELISA and B cells phenotypic characterization using flowcytometry before and after vaccination. Results: All healthy controls and 94 % of HIV positive children responded to hepatitis B vaccine. Plasma level of hepatitis B surface antibody was significantly reduced in HIV-1 positive children than healthy controls (p= 0.0001). Higher vaccine response was observed in early ART treated children (r=-0.3497,p=0.0046). The frequency of Resting Memory B cells showed no increment in HIV positive children (p>0.05) while significantly increased in healthy controls (p<0.0001), and the frequency of Activated Memory B cells decreased in HIV positive children(p<0.001) and increased in healthy controls (p<0.05) after vaccination. Conclusion and Recommendation: Our results showed reduced plasma antibody level and low frequency of RM B cells in HIV positive children. Therefore, regular monitoring of plasma antibody level to HBV vaccine should be integrated for HIV infected children and booster dose of HBV vaccine would be planned, irrespective of ART status.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | HBV, antibody response, HBsAb, B cells, ART |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| Divisions: | Africana |
| Depositing User: | Vincent Mpoza |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Oct 2018 13:05 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Oct 2018 13:05 |
| URI: | http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/6942 |
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