Study of Acute Effect of Catha Edulis(Khat) on Muscular and Cardiovascular Changes in Adults in Debre Markos

Osman, Enatnesh Essa (2014) Study of Acute Effect of Catha Edulis(Khat) on Muscular and Cardiovascular Changes in Adults in Debre Markos. Masters thesis, Addis Ababa University.

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Abstract

Back ground of the study:Estimated 20 million peoples chew khat in the world. Khat chewing habit in Ethiopia and other countries is a socio-medical problem. Khatcan affect different body systems like cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and other systems.There are a few numbers of studies that concerned on the effect of khat on human physiology,because most of researchers concentrate on the pharmacokinetics of khat. These studies revealed on the acute effect of Catha edulis(khat) on electromyography, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and on electrocardiography. Materials and methods:We studied the effect of khaton electromyography, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiography in humans. Biopac MP 35was used to measure the above dependent variables. Physiological parameterchanges were studied before and after khat chewing. Allbaseline measurements were taken before chewing khat. Participants were provided with 100gm of pure palatable khat leaf and bottled water (soda). Post measurements were conducted 2 and half hrs. after they started chewing. They were abstained from taking any other stimulant during the study time. The EMG measurements taken were maximum force, mean force, Raw EMG, Integrated EMG and Fatigue time. These parameters were measured byusing hand dynamometer with their dominant hand. Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure,heart rate and ECG were also measured by using Biopac. Results: The maximum force generated by dominant arm skeletal muscles by study participants had shown significant increase after chewing khat.Its mean value was 30.80 ±1.3 before chewing and 34.38 ±1.30 kg after chewing(P<0.005). Mean force generated by dominant arm skeletal muscle also significantly increasedafter chewing.It was 28.35 ± 1.14 kg before and 32.21±1.11kg after chewing (P<0.005). Raw EMG also altered significantly after khat. It was 3.48 ± 0.16mv before and 3.92 ±0.19mv after khat consumption (P<0.05). In this study maximum and mean force generated by arm skeletal muscleafter consumption of khat showed a negative correlation with smoking and frequency of chewing.Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant increment after participantswere stimulated by khat chewing. The mean Heart rate was 83.4 ±2.94 before and 98.55 ±2.31 beats min-1after chewing (P <0.005).The mean systolic blood pressure was 106.45 ±2.17 before and 121.0 ± 2.90 mmHg after khat chewing (P <0.005).The meandiastolic blood pressure was 72.18 ± 1.74 before and 86.0 ± 1.92mmHg after chewing(P<0.005).TheECG recording showed significant decreased in PR and RR intervals after khat chewing.The mean PR interval was 0.176 ±0.007sbefore and 0.166 ±0.007 s after chewing (P <0.05).RR interval was 0.724±0.031s before and 0.590±0.039s afterkhat chewing (P <0.005). However, other ECG variables were not altered by acute khat consumption. Conclusion:This study showed thatkhat chewing increases maximum force and mean force generated by human arm skeletal muscles and it also alters EMG recordings generated by human skeletal arm muscle contraction.In addition,it also indicates that khatconsumption increases heart rate and arterial blood pressure.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ABP, Cathine,Cathinone,EMG, ECG, HR
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions:	Africana
Depositing User:	Vincent Mpoza
Date Deposited:	24 Oct 2018 08:40
Last Modified:	24 Oct 2018 08:40
URI:	http://thesisbank.jhia.ac.ke/id/eprint/7049

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